| QEMU emulator version 1.1.2 (qemu-kvm-1.1.2+dfsg-2~bpo60+1, Debian), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard |
| usage: kvm [options] [disk_image] |
| |
| 'disk_image' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0 |
| |
| Standard options: |
| -h or -help display this help and exit |
| -version display version information and exit |
| -machine [type=]name[,prop[=value][,...]] |
| selects emulated machine (-machine ? for list) |
| property accel=accel1[:accel2[:...]] selects accelerator |
| supported accelerators are kvm, xen, tcg (default: tcg) |
| kernel_irqchip=on|off controls accelerated irqchip support |
| kvm_shadow_mem=size of KVM shadow MMU |
| -cpu cpu select CPU (-cpu ? for list) |
| -smp n[,maxcpus=cpus][,cores=cores][,threads=threads][,sockets=sockets] |
| set the number of CPUs to 'n' [default=1] |
| maxcpus= maximum number of total cpus, including |
| offline CPUs for hotplug, etc |
| cores= number of CPU cores on one socket |
| threads= number of threads on one CPU core |
| sockets= number of discrete sockets in the system |
| -numa node[,mem=size][,cpus=cpu[-cpu]][,nodeid=node] |
| -fda/-fdb file use 'file' as floppy disk 0/1 image |
| -hda/-hdb file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 0/1 image |
| -hdc/-hdd file use 'file' as IDE hard disk 2/3 image |
| -cdrom file use 'file' as IDE cdrom image (cdrom is ide1 master) |
| -drive [file=file][,if=type][,bus=n][,unit=m][,media=d][,index=i] |
| [,cyls=c,heads=h,secs=s[,trans=t]][,snapshot=on|off] |
| [,cache=writethrough|writeback|none|directsync|unsafe][,format=f] |
| [,serial=s][,addr=A][,id=name][,aio=threads|native] |
| [,readonly=on|off][,copy-on-read=on|off] |
| [[,bps=b]|[[,bps_rd=r][,bps_wr=w]]][[,iops=i]|[[,iops_rd=r][,iops_wr=w]] |
| use 'file' as a drive image |
| -set group.id.arg=value |
| set <arg> parameter for item <id> of type <group> |
| i.e. -set drive.$id.file=/path/to/image |
| -global driver.prop=value |
| set a global default for a driver property |
| -mtdblock file use 'file' as on-board Flash memory image |
| -sd file use 'file' as SecureDigital card image |
| -pflash file use 'file' as a parallel flash image |
| -boot [order=drives][,once=drives][,menu=on|off] |
| [,splash=sp_name][,splash-time=sp_time] |
| 'drives': floppy (a), hard disk (c), CD-ROM (d), network (n) |
| 'sp_name': the file's name that would be passed to bios as logo picture, if menu=on |
| 'sp_time': the period that splash picture last if menu=on, unit is ms |
| -snapshot write to temporary files instead of disk image files |
| -m megs set virtual RAM size to megs MB [default=128] |
| -mem-path FILE provide backing storage for guest RAM |
| -mem-prealloc preallocate guest memory (use with -mem-path) |
| -k language use keyboard layout (for example 'fr' for French) |
| -audio-help print list of audio drivers and their options |
| -soundhw c1,... enable audio support |
| and only specified sound cards (comma separated list) |
| use -soundhw ? to get the list of supported cards |
| use -soundhw all to enable all of them |
| -balloon none disable balloon device |
| -balloon virtio[,addr=str] |
| enable virtio balloon device (default) |
| -usb enable the USB driver (will be the default soon) |
| -usbdevice name add the host or guest USB device 'name' |
| -device driver[,prop[=value][,...]] |
| add device (based on driver) |
| prop=value,... sets driver properties |
| use -device ? to print all possible drivers |
| use -device driver,? to print all possible properties |
| |
| File system options: |
| -fsdev fsdriver,id=id[,path=path,][security_model={mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none}] |
| [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd] |
| |
| Virtual File system pass-through options: |
| -virtfs local,path=path,mount_tag=tag,security_model=[mapped-xattr|mapped-file|passthrough|none] |
| [,writeout=immediate][,readonly][,socket=socket|sock_fd=sock_fd] |
| -virtfs_synth Create synthetic file system image |
| |
| -name string1[,process=string2] |
| set the name of the guest |
| string1 sets the window title and string2 the process name (on Linux) |
| -uuid %08x-%04x-%04x-%04x-%012x |
| specify machine UUID |
| |
| Display options: |
| -display sdl[,frame=on|off][,alt_grab=on|off][,ctrl_grab=on|off] |
| [,window_close=on|off]|curses|none| |
| vnc=<display>[,<optargs>] |
| select display type |
| -nographic disable graphical output and redirect serial I/Os to console |
| -curses use a curses/ncurses interface instead of SDL |
| -no-frame open SDL window without a frame and window decorations |
| -alt-grab use Ctrl-Alt-Shift to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) |
| -ctrl-grab use Right-Ctrl to grab mouse (instead of Ctrl-Alt) |
| -no-quit disable SDL window close capability |
| -sdl enable SDL |
| -spice <args> enable spice |
| -portrait rotate graphical output 90 deg left (only PXA LCD) |
| -rotate <deg> rotate graphical output some deg left (only PXA LCD) |
| -vga [std|cirrus|vmware|qxl|xenfb|none] |
| select video card type |
| -full-screen start in full screen |
| -vnc display start a VNC server on display |
| |
| i386 target only: |
| -win2k-hack use it when installing Windows 2000 to avoid a disk full bug |
| -no-fd-bootchk disable boot signature checking for floppy disks |
| -no-acpi disable ACPI |
| -no-hpet disable HPET |
| -acpitable [sig=str][,rev=n][,oem_id=str][,oem_table_id=str][,oem_rev=n][,asl_compiler_id=str][,asl_compiler_rev=n][,{data|file}=file1[:file2]...] |
| ACPI table description |
| -smbios file=binary |
| load SMBIOS entry from binary file |
| -smbios type=0[,vendor=str][,version=str][,date=str][,release=%d.%d] |
| specify SMBIOS type 0 fields |
| -smbios type=1[,manufacturer=str][,product=str][,version=str][,serial=str] |
| [,uuid=uuid][,sku=str][,family=str] |
| specify SMBIOS type 1 fields |
| |
| Network options: |
| -net nic[,vlan=n][,macaddr=mac][,model=type][,name=str][,addr=str][,vectors=v] |
| create a new Network Interface Card and connect it to VLAN 'n' |
| -net user[,vlan=n][,name=str][,net=addr[/mask]][,host=addr][,restrict=on|off] |
| [,hostname=host][,dhcpstart=addr][,dns=addr][,tftp=dir][,bootfile=f] |
| [,hostfwd=rule][,guestfwd=rule][,smb=dir[,smbserver=addr]] |
| connect the user mode network stack to VLAN 'n', configure its |
| DHCP server and enabled optional services |
| -net tap[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,ifname=name][,script=file][,downscript=dfile][,helper=helper][,sndbuf=nbytes][,vnet_hdr=on|off][,vhost=on|off][,vhostfd=h][,vhostforce=on|off] |
| connect the host TAP network interface to VLAN 'n' |
| use network scripts 'file' (default=/etc/kvm/kvm-ifup) |
| to configure it and 'dfile' (default=/etc/kvm/kvm-ifdown) |
| to deconfigure it |
| use '[down]script=no' to disable script execution |
| use network helper 'helper' (default=/usr/lib/qemu-bridge-helper) to |
| configure it |
| use 'fd=h' to connect to an already opened TAP interface |
| use 'sndbuf=nbytes' to limit the size of the send buffer (the |
| default is disabled 'sndbuf=0' to enable flow control set 'sndbuf=1048576') |
| use vnet_hdr=off to avoid enabling the IFF_VNET_HDR tap flag |
| use vnet_hdr=on to make the lack of IFF_VNET_HDR support an error condition |
| use vhost=on to enable experimental in kernel accelerator |
| (only has effect for virtio guests which use MSIX) |
| use vhostforce=on to force vhost on for non-MSIX virtio guests |
| use 'vhostfd=h' to connect to an already opened vhost net device |
| -net bridge[,vlan=n][,name=str][,br=bridge][,helper=helper] |
| connects a host TAP network interface to a host bridge device 'br' |
| (default=br0) using the program 'helper' |
| (default=/usr/lib/qemu-bridge-helper) |
| -net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,listen=[host]:port][,connect=host:port] |
| connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using a socket connection |
| -net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,mcast=maddr:port[,localaddr=addr]] |
| connect the vlan 'n' to multicast maddr and port |
| use 'localaddr=addr' to specify the host address to send packets from |
| -net socket[,vlan=n][,name=str][,fd=h][,udp=host:port][,localaddr=host:port] |
| connect the vlan 'n' to another VLAN using an UDP tunnel |
| -net vde[,vlan=n][,name=str][,sock=socketpath][,port=n][,group=groupname][,mode=octalmode] |
| connect the vlan 'n' to port 'n' of a vde switch running |
| on host and listening for incoming connections on 'socketpath'. |
| Use group 'groupname' and mode 'octalmode' to change default |
| ownership and permissions for communication port. |
| -net dump[,vlan=n][,file=f][,len=n] |
| dump traffic on vlan 'n' to file 'f' (max n bytes per packet) |
| -net none use it alone to have zero network devices. If no -net option |
| is provided, the default is '-net nic -net user' |
| -netdev [user|tap|bridge|vde|socket],id=str[,option][,option][,...] |
| |
| Character device options: |
| -chardev null,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev socket,id=id[,host=host],port=host[,to=to][,ipv4][,ipv6][,nodelay] |
| [,server][,nowait][,telnet][,mux=on|off] (tcp) |
| -chardev socket,id=id,path=path[,server][,nowait][,telnet],[mux=on|off] (unix) |
| -chardev udp,id=id[,host=host],port=port[,localaddr=localaddr] |
| [,localport=localport][,ipv4][,ipv6][,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev msmouse,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev vc,id=id[[,width=width][,height=height]][[,cols=cols][,rows=rows]] |
| [,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev file,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev pipe,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev pty,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev stdio,id=id[,mux=on|off][,signal=on|off] |
| -chardev braille,id=id[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev tty,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev parport,id=id,path=path[,mux=on|off] |
| -chardev spicevmc,id=id,name=name[,debug=debug] |
| |
| -iscsi [user=user][,password=password] |
| [,header-digest=CRC32C|CR32C-NONE|NONE-CRC32C|NONE |
| [,initiator-name=iqn] |
| iSCSI session parameters |
| Bluetooth(R) options: |
| -bt hci,null dumb bluetooth HCI - doesn't respond to commands |
| -bt hci,host[:id] |
| use host's HCI with the given name |
| -bt hci[,vlan=n] |
| emulate a standard HCI in virtual scatternet 'n' |
| -bt vhci[,vlan=n] |
| add host computer to virtual scatternet 'n' using VHCI |
| -bt device:dev[,vlan=n] |
| emulate a bluetooth device 'dev' in scatternet 'n' |
| |
| Linux/Multiboot boot specific: |
| -kernel bzImage use 'bzImage' as kernel image |
| -append cmdline use 'cmdline' as kernel command line |
| -initrd file use 'file' as initial ram disk |
| -dtb file use 'file' as device tree image |
| |
| Debug/Expert options: |
| -serial dev redirect the serial port to char device 'dev' |
| -parallel dev redirect the parallel port to char device 'dev' |
| -monitor dev redirect the monitor to char device 'dev' |
| -qmp dev like -monitor but opens in 'control' mode |
| -mon chardev=[name][,mode=readline|control][,default] |
| -debugcon dev redirect the debug console to char device 'dev' |
| -pidfile file write PID to 'file' |
| -singlestep always run in singlestep mode |
| -S freeze CPU at startup (use 'c' to start execution) |
| -gdb dev wait for gdb connection on 'dev' |
| -s shorthand for -gdb tcp::1234 |
| -d item1,... output log to /tmp/qemu.log (use -d ? for a list of log items) |
| -D logfile output log to logfile (instead of the default /tmp/qemu.log) |
| -hdachs c,h,s[,t] |
| force hard disk 0 physical geometry and the optional BIOS |
| translation (t=none or lba) (usually QEMU can guess them) |
| -L path set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps |
| -bios file set the filename for the BIOS |
| -enable-kvm enable KVM full virtualization support |
| -xen-domid id specify xen guest domain id |
| -xen-create create domain using xen hypercalls, bypassing xend |
| warning: should not be used when xend is in use |
| -xen-attach attach to existing xen domain |
| xend will use this when starting QEMU |
| -no-reboot exit instead of rebooting |
| -no-shutdown stop before shutdown |
| -loadvm [tag|id] |
| start right away with a saved state (loadvm in monitor) |
| -daemonize daemonize QEMU after initializing |
| -option-rom rom load a file, rom, into the option ROM space |
| -clock force the use of the given methods for timer alarm. |
| To see what timers are available use -clock ? |
| -rtc [base=utc|localtime|date][,clock=host|rt|vm][,driftfix=none|slew] |
| set the RTC base and clock, enable drift fix for clock ticks (x86 only) |
| -icount [N|auto] |
| enable virtual instruction counter with 2^N clock ticks per |
| instruction |
| -watchdog i6300esb|ib700 |
| enable virtual hardware watchdog [default=none] |
| -watchdog-action reset|shutdown|poweroff|pause|debug|none |
| action when watchdog fires [default=reset] |
| -echr chr set terminal escape character instead of ctrl-a |
| -virtioconsole c |
| set virtio console |
| -show-cursor show cursor |
| -tb-size n set TB size |
| -incoming p prepare for incoming migration, listen on port p |
| -nodefaults don't create default devices |
| -chroot dir chroot to dir just before starting the VM |
| -runas user change to user id user just before starting the VM |
| -readconfig <file> |
| -writeconfig <file> |
| read/write config file |
| -nodefconfig |
| do not load default config files at startup |
| -no-user-config |
| do not load user-provided config files at startup |
| -trace [events=<file>][,file=<file>] |
| specify tracing options |
| -qtest CHR specify tracing options |
| -qtest-log LOG specify tracing options |
| -no-kvm disable KVM hardware virtualization |
| -no-kvm-irqchip disable KVM kernel mode PIC/IOAPIC/LAPIC |
| -no-kvm-pit disable KVM kernel mode PIT |
| -no-kvm-pit-reinjection |
| disable KVM kernel mode PIT interrupt reinjection |
| |
| During emulation, the following keys are useful: |
| ctrl-alt-f toggle full screen |
| ctrl-alt-n switch to virtual console 'n' |
| ctrl-alt toggle mouse and keyboard grab |
| |
| When using -nographic, press 'ctrl-a h' to get some help. |
